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Questions/comments about the content of these pages should be directed to: The World Warning Agency for Satellites, wwas@nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov National Space Science Data Center, Mail Code 633 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 |
| 01 March 2000 |
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2000-012A (26095) Superbird 4 18 February
2000-011A (26089) Garuda 1 12 February
2000-010A (26088) STS 99 11 February
2000-009B (26087) Fregat 08 February
2000-009A (26086) Dumsat 08 February
2000-008D (26084) Globalstar D 08 February
2000-008C (26083) Globalstar C 08 February
2000-008B (26082) Globalstar B 08 February
2000-008A (26081) Globalstar A 08 February
2000-007A (26071) HispaSat 1C 03 February
2000-006A (26069) Cosmos 2369 03 February
2000-005A (26067) Progress M-1 01 February
2000-004H (26080) Tethered Picosats 27 January
2000-004J (26091) Picosat 5 27 January
2000-004K (26092) Picosat 6 27 January
2000-004L (26093) Picosat 7 27 January
2000-004M (26094) Picosat 8 27 January
| 2000-012A | Superbird 4 is a Japanese geosynchronous communications spacecraft that was launched by an Ariane 44 rocket from Kourou at 01:04 UT. The 4.1 tonne spacecraft carries 23 Ku-band (80 W), and six Ka-band (50 W) transponders to provide business communications to Japan and Asia-Pacific countries, after parking over 162-E longitude. Its thrusters employ a xenon ion propulsion (XIPS) system. |
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| 2000-011A | Garuda 1 is an Indonesian geosynchronous satellite that was launched by a Proton-K rocket from Baikonur at 09:11 UT. The 4.q tonne spacecraft will relay in L-band mobile telephone communications in Asia-Pacific region, after parking over Indonesia at the equator. It is the first of the ACeS (Asia Cellular Satellite) constellation, to be followed by Garuda 2 and others. |
| 2000-010A | STS 99 is an American shuttle spacecraft that was launched from Cape Canaveral at 17:43 UT. The main mission is to obtain a 3-D map of about 70% global terrain. It is a joint mapping mission by NASA and the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA), utilizing the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) radars. The 13,600 kg SRTM instrument consisted of a pair of transmit/receive antennas below the cargo bay, and a pair of receiving antennas at the end of a 60 m "rigid" tower. The operation was in interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IF-SAR) modes with steerable C-band (5.6 cm) and a non-steerable X-band (3.0 cm) transmissions of pulse widths 100 milliseconds, and power levels 10 kW. The accuracy of the mapping was modest: in any "terrain" segment, the relative height accuracy was 10 m and the relative horizontal accuracy was 20 m; on forests, the surface of reflection at both frequencies were the canopy tops, not the terrain. The tower was an assembly of stacked cubical frames made of steel, titanium and plastic, initially contained in a three meter can, pushed out by a motor and held in rigid shape by a thruster at the high end. It was erected at an angle of 45° from the vertical. The cargo bay antennas and the transmitters were the same that were used in the SIR-C/X-SAR radars that were flown on two shuttle missions in 1994. SRTM just had additional receiving antennas at the end of the mast to do interferometry. It landed back in Cape Canaveral on 22 February at 23:22 UT after mapping 112 million square-kilometers of earth's land mass onto 300 digital tapes. Data reduction at analysis centers will take two or three years to complete. More information on SRTM is available at http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/, and the data will be distributed by the EROS Data Center, http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/landdaac/. Initial orbital parameters were period 89.2 min, apogee 242 km, perigee 224 km, and inclination 57°. |
| 2000-009B | Fregat is a Russian reusable spacecraft that was launched by a Soyuz-U rocket from Baikonur at 23:20 UT. It is primarily a rocket that is equipped with an inflatable heat shield (IRDT) that opens up during re-entry and appears like a giant shuttlecock. It is capable of stopping and starting its engines at least five times during a mission so as to launch about 20 satellites in different orbits. It carried and released a recoverable dummy satellite called, Dumsat. Fregat is designed to execute major routine tasks, hauling cargo to/from the International Space Station. Fregat is believed to have re-entered after 5 orbits, as planned, but has not yet been located in the southern Ural mountain region. In fact, radio contact was lost at 100 km level. Initial orbital parameters were period 96.5 min, apogee 604 km, perigee 581 km, and inclination 64.9°. |
| 2000-009A | Dumsat is a 110 kg Russian dummy payload to simulate future spacecraft launches. Like the Fregat that launched it, it was equipped with an inflatable heat shield and landed on 14 February 2000. Initial orbital parameters were period 96.6 min, apogee 606 km, perigee 581 km, and inclination 64.9°. |
| 2000-008A, 2000-008B, 2000-008C, 2000-008D |
Globalstars A, B, C, and D are the final members of the Globalstar fleet which already had the planned 48 satellites. With the addition of these four, any four members of the 52 member fleet may be held in reserve. The fleet enables relay of data and voice communications from/to mobile or remote telephones located almost anywhere in the world. Initial orbital parameters of all four were similar: period 103.5 min, apogee 930 km, perigee 914 km, and inclination 52°. |
| 2000-007A | HispaSat 1C is a Spanish geosynchronous communications spacecraft that was launched by an Atlas 2AS rocket from Cape Canaveral at 23:30 UT. The 3,100 kg, 6,000 W spacecraft carries 24 transponders in Ku-band to provide Spanish language voice and video communications to countries on either side of the Atlantic. |
| 2000-006A | Cosmos 2369 is a Russian military communications spacecraft that was launched from Baikonur. Initial orbital parameters were period 102 min, apogee 854 km, perigee 848 km, and inclination 71°. |
| 2000-005A | Progress M-1 is a Russian automatic cargo carrier that was launched by a Soyuz-U rocket at 06:47 UT to dock with Mir. It is equipped to raise the altitude of Mir from 320 km to 400 km, and to repressurize it with 150 kg of nitrogen. (Currently the pressure has degraded to 570 mm of Hg.) It also carried fuel, water, food and other provisions for the two cosmonauts who are expected to arrive there in late March 2000, to spend 7-10 weeks on board. The initial orbital parameters were period 91.6 min, apogee 353 km, perigee 348 km, and inclination 51.7°. |
| 2000-004H, 2000-004J, 2000-004K, 2000-004L, 2000-004M |
Tethered Picosats, Picosat 5, Picosat 6, Picosat 7, and Picosat 8 are hectogram mass satellites that were ejected from OPAL (2000-004C). They were built mostly by engineering students at Santa Clara University in California, from off-the-shelf components and miniature batteries, for technology tests. According to our information from the investigator teams, the Tethered Picosats, consisting of a pair of Picosats tethered together by a short wire, was ejected on 8 February, Picosats 7 and 8 on 11 February, and Picosats 5 and 6 on 12 February. They have also common names given by the investigators: Picosats 7 and 8 are the Thelma and Louise pair and Picosats 5 and 6 are the JAK and Stensat pair; but not necessarily in that order. The Tethered Picosats appear to have been functional for a short while after ejection, communicating with each other by microwatt radio transmitters. On the other hand, there has been no indication whether any of the the Picosats (5, 6, 7,and 8) were operational at least soon after ejection. It appears that USSPACECOM's Picosat numbers extending to eight is erroneous. There were only six Picosats on board the OPAL, with perhaps one or two at the ground level intended to communicate with the orbiters. The tests were sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA). The orbital parameters of all these were nearly alike: period 100.4 min, apogee 805 km, perigee 750 km, and inclination 100.2°. |
Note: The full list appeared in SPX 545. The list will not be repeated in future issues until significantly revised again.
High precision (<20 cm) GPS constellation tracking data obtained from the network of about 80 dedicated global stations that are of interest to geodetic study may be obtained through the following services provided by the International Association of Geodesy (IGS)
FTP: igscb.jpl.nasa.gov [directory /igscb]
WWW: http://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov/
E-mail: igscb@cobra.jpl.nasa.gov
The standard format of the GPS situation appeared in SPX-518. It will not be repeated since an excellent source of trajectory- and science-related GPS information is at http://www.utexas.edu/depts/grg/gcraft/notes/gps/gps.html#DODSystem It provides many links to GPS related databases.
All GLONASS spacecraft are in the general COSMOS series. The COSMOS numbers (nnnn) invoked by USSPACECOM have often differed from the numbers (NNNN) associated in Russia; when different, the USSPACECOM COSMOS numbers are shown in parentheses. The corresponding GLONASS numbers are Russian numbers, followed by the numbers in parentheses that are sometimes attributed to them outside Russia.
The operating frequencies in MHz are computed from the channel number K. Frequencies (MHz) = 1602.0 + 0.5625K and L2 = 1246.0 + 0.4375K.
The standard format of the GLONASS situation appeared in SPX-545. It will not be repeated in view of the excellent updated source at: http://www.rssi.ru/SFCSIC/english.html maintained by the Coordinational Scientific Information Center (CSIC),Russian Space Forces.
Designations Common Name 2000 1999-030B (25769) STARSHINE 18 Feb 1999-049E (25911) R/B Soyuz-U 17 Feb 1977-015B (09854) R/B that launched COSMOS 895 14 Feb 2000-009B (26087) FREGAT 09 Feb 1993-042C (22702) R/B Delta 2 05 Feb 1999-038A (25858) PROGRESS M-42 04 Feb 2000-005B (26068) R/B Soyuz-U 02 Feb 1998-011B (25176) R/B H-2 01 Feb
The American heliospheric spacecraft NEAR (1996-008A) was thrust into an orbit around the asteroid Eros at 15:33 UT on 14 February 2000 in an elliptical orbit of 320 km x 480 km from the asteroid. It is expected to orbit for a year slowly reaching lower altitudes. Eros is a potato-shaped body of 34 km x 13 km size. A similar attempt in January 1999 had failed, and NEAR tumbled along on an orbit around the Sun, returning again to the general vicinity of Eros, with sunward orientation of its power panels. It could then be maneuvered toward the asteroid. It is expected to produce many close-up pictures of the asteroid.
The American planetary spacecraft Galileo (1989-084B) approached the volcanic moon of Jupiter, Io, on 22 February 2000 within 200 km from its surface without any radiation damage and produced pictures of the surface. It had earlier (October 1999) approached the surface within 610 km and discovered about 100 volcanoes. In November 1999 it had passed by within 300 km from the surface and imaged a one kilometer-high lava plume.
On 22 February 2000, the heliospheric spacecraft Stardust (99-033A) deployed its interstellar dust collector. It will deploy again in 2002. The collector's other surface will be exposed to cometary dust from Comet Wild-2 in 2004. During its final Earth swingby in 2006, the collector will be released and parachute down for analysis.
There have been difficulties in matching spacecraft names and their IDs for launches involving multiple spacecraft. The USSPACECOM (presumably, on the advice of the spacecraft companies) has the following revised names to match the IDs and catalog numbers:
1998-008A (25162) GLOBALSTAR M001; 1998-008B (25163) GLOBALSTAR M004; 1998-008C (25164) GLOBALSTAR M002; 1998-008D (25165) GLOBALSTAR M003. 1999-065A (25980) ORBCOMM FM 30; 1999-065B (25981) ORBCOMM FM 31; 1999-065C (25982) ORBCOMM FM 32; 1999-065D (25983) ORBCOMM FM 33; 1999-065E (25984) ORBCOMM FM 36; 1999-065F (25985) ORBCOMM FM 35; 1999-065G (25986) ORBCOMM FM 34.
NSSDC/WDC for Satellite Information is an archival center for science
data from many spacecraft. Many space physics datasets are on-line for
electronic access through:
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/
For off-line data, please contact the Request Office, NSSDC, Code 633, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, U.S.A., for specific information (request@nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov). Information on the current status of the instruments on board from the investigators will be most welcomed. Precomputed trajectory files and orbital parameters of many magnetospheric and heliospheric science-payload spacecraft may be accessed via anonymous FTP from NSSDC. (See About the SPACEWARN Bulletin for access method; a file in the active directory named AAREADME.TXT, outlines the contents.)
Other files interest for Earth-centered spacecraft can be generated thru the URL,
http://sscweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/
Programs related to the heliospheric spacecraft trajectories can be executed
through the URL,
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/helios/heli.html
Magnetospheric, Planetary, and Astronomical science data from many spacecraft
may be accessed through links from the URL:
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/
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Questions/comments about the content of these pages should be directed to: The World Warning Agency for Satellites, wwas@nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov National Space Science Data Center, Mail Code 633 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 |