Mass (1024 kg) 5.9722 Volume (1010 km3) 108.321 Equatorial radius (km) 6378.137 Polar radius (km) 6356.752 Volumetric mean radius (km) 6371.000 Core radius (km) 3485 Ellipticity (Flattening) 0.003353 Mean density (kg/m3) 5513 Surface gravity (mean) (m/s2) 9.820 Surface acceleration (eq) (m/s2) 9.780 Surface acceleration (pole) (m/s2) 9.832 Escape velocity (km/s) 11.186 GM (x 106 km3/s2) 0.39860 Bond albedo 0.294 Geometric albedo 0.434 V-band magnitude V(1,0) -3.99 Solar irradiance (W/m2) 1361.0 Black-body temperature (K) 254.0 Topographic range (km) 20.4 Moment of inertia (I/MR2) 0.3308 J2 (x 10-6) 1082.63 Number of natural satellites 1 Planetary ring system No
Semimajor axis (106 km) 149.598
Sidereal orbit period (days) 365.256
Tropical orbit period (days) 365.242
Perihelion (106 km) 147.095
Aphelion (106 km) 152.100
Mean orbital velocity (km/s) 29.78
Max. orbital velocity (km/s) 30.29
Min. orbital velocity (km/s) 29.29
Orbit inclination (deg) 0.000
Orbit eccentricity 0.0167
Sidereal rotation period (hrs) 23.9345
Length of day (hrs) 24.0000
Obliquity to orbit (deg) 23.44
Inclination of equator (deg) 23.44
Semimajor axis (AU) 1.00000011 Orbital eccentricity 0.01671022 Orbital inclination (deg) 0.00005 Longitude of ascending node (deg) -11.26064 Longitude of perihelion (deg) 102.94719 Mean Longitude (deg) 100.46435
Right Ascension: 0.00 - 0.641T Declination : 90.00 - 0.557T Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0) T = Julian centuries from reference date
Model GSFC-1283 Dipole field strength: 0.306 Gauss-Re3 Dipole offset: 0.076 Re Surface (1 Re) field strength: 0.24 - 0.66 Gauss Geomagnetic Poles - Model WMM2020 Geocentric Dipole: 80.65 N, 72.68 W Magnetic North Pole: 86.50 N, 164.04 E
Re denotes Earth model radius, here defined to be 6,378 km
Surface pressure: 1014 mb
Surface density: 1.217 kg/m3
Scale height: 8.5 km
Total mass of atmosphere: 5.1 x 1018 kg
Total mass of hydrosphere: 1.4 x 1021 kg
Average temperature: 288 K (15 C)
Diurnal temperature range: 283 K to 293 K (10 to 20 C)
Wind speeds: 0 to 100 m/s
Mean molecular weight: 28.97
Atmospheric composition (by volume, dry air):
Major : 78.08% Nitrogen (N2), 20.95% Oxygen (O2),
Minor (ppm): Argon (Ar) - 9340; Carbon Dioxide (CO2) - 420
Neon (Ne) - 18.18; Helium (He) - 5.24; CH4 - 1.94
Krypton (Kr) - 1.14; Hydrogen (H2) - 0.55
Numbers do not add up to exactly 100% due to roundoff and uncertainty
Water is highly variable, typically makes up about 1%
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