Galileo's second flyby of Callisto (also known as the Callisto 9 flyby because it took place during Galileo's ninth orbit around Jupiter), the second largest of Jupiter's Galilean satellites, occurred on 25 June 1997 at 13:47 UTC. At that time, Galileo came about 416 km from the surface of Callisto (or less than 1.2 Callisto radii from its center). This is the closest that Galileo came to Callisto during its prime mission and is less than half the distance to Callisto's surface than the first flyby which occurred on the third orbit in November 1996. During this time, observations were also be made of the Jovian magnetosphere as well as of the other satellites of Jupiter. Especially noteworthy during this particular orbit were images of Jupiter's satellites Thebe (roughly 50 km in size) and Adrastea (about 10 km) as well as more images of Metis (about 20 km).
The following timeline is a list of different events which will occur beginning with the official start of the Callisto 9 (the number actually refers to the Galileo orbit number) encounter and proceding until the last data from the encounter are played back. The times are given in Universal Time (UTC) of the event at the spacecraft.
Date/Time Instrument Event
________ __________ _____
22 Jun 16:00 Start of Callisto 9 encounter
23 Jun 06:18 Orbital Trim Maneuver (OTM) 29
25 Jun 06:04 Science Turn (Callisto encounter)
11:42 PPR Callisto dark map
13:26 F&P Callisto closest approach recording
13:39 Start Earth occultation by Callisto
13:40 Start Sun occultation by Callisto
13:47 Callisto closest approach (2,820 km)
13:56 End Earth occultation by Callisto
13:58 End Sun occultation by Callisto
14:26 NIMS/UVS Callisto Skuld crater observation
15:11 SSI Callisto Valhalla region observation
19:04 Turn to return to Earth point
26 Jun 01:26 SSI First Great Red Spot observation
05:57 SSI First plume head observation
06:27 UVS First Jupiter aurora observation
06:56 SSI Thebe imaging
13:11 SSI Adrastea imaging
17:19 Ganymede closest approach (82,600 km)
17:46 SSI Ganymede Perrine/Galileo Regio
18:38 PPR Ganymede polarimetry
21:53 NIMS Ganymede global mosaic
23:35 SSI Amalthea imaging
27 Jun 10:09 Europa closest approach (1,200,000 km)
10:33 NIMS First Io monitoring observation
11:25 SSI Metis imaging
11:52 Jupiter closest approach (770,000 km)
28 Jun 02:31 Io closest approach (607,000 km)
13:50 F&P Jupiter aurora recording
14:01 UVS Last Jupiter aurora observation
15:59 NIMS Last Great Red Spot observation
20:27 NIMS Last Io monitoring observation
21:12 NIMS Last plume head observation
29 Jun 16:00 Start of data playback (Callisto 9)
10 Jul 18:00 Orbital Trim Maneuver (OTM) 30
14 Jul 07:27 Science turn (instrument calibration)
12:41 Turn to return to Earth point
23 Jul 14:19 F&P Dusk magnetotail observation (130 RJ)
29 Jul 11:54 Start Sun occultation by Jupiter
30 Jul 18:40 End Sun occultation by Jupiter
01 Aug 10:26 Start Earth occultation by Jupiter
02 Aug 11:42 End Earth occultation by Jupiter
07 Aug 11:06 F&P First apojove magnetotail observation
13:36 F&P Second apojove magnetotail observation
08 Aug 17:45 Orbital Trim Maneuver (OTM) 31
09 Aug 16:00 Turn for attitude maintenance
23 Aug 14:07 F&P Dawn magnetotail observation (130 RJ)
03 Sep 02:45 Science turn (high-phase Jupiter)
05:56 SSI Jupiter high solar phase observation
06:31 Turn to return to Earth point
10 Sep 05:13 First Callisto 10 approach OPNAV
11:25 Science turn (high-phase Jupiter)
14:26 SSI Jupiter high solar phase observation
15:01 Turn to return to Earth point
12 Sep 20:45 Last Callisto 10 approach OPNAV
14 Sep 00:00 End of data playback (Callisto 9)
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